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Buddhism: Details about 'Buddhist Schools'

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There are many divisions and subdivisions of the schools of Buddhism. An extensive list of historical schools is given below according to lineage. Surviving schools can be roughly grouped under the categories of Theravāda, Mahāyāna, and Vajrayāna. Theravāda and Mahāyāna share common methods as sutric schools, while Vajrayāna can be seen as a tantric school.

Contents

Nikaya schools

See also: early Buddhist schools

The initial split between Sthaviravāda and Mahāsaṃghika occurred about 100 years after Buddha's death, due to differing views concerning the rigidity of monastic rules.

  • Sthaviravāda
    • Pudgalavāda ('Personalist') (c. 280 BCE)
    • Vibhajjavāda (prior to



      240 BCE; during Aśoka)
      • Theravāda (c. 240 BCE) Considered to be a continuation of Sthaviravāda and Vibhajjavāda
      • Mahīśāsaka (after 232 BCE)
      • Kāśyapīya (after 232 BCE)
      • Dharmaguptaka (after 232 BCE)
      • Vatsīputrīya (under Aśoka) later name: Saṃmitīya
        • Dharmottarīya
        • Bhadrayānīya
        • Sannāgarika
    • Sarvāstivāda (c. 237 BCE)
      • Sautrāntika (between 50 BCE and c. 100 CE)
      • Mūlasarvāstivāda (third and fourth centuries)
  • Mahāsaṃghika ('Majority', c. 380 BCE)
    • Caitika (mid-first century BCE)
      • Apara Śaila
      • Uttara Śaila



Influence of the early schools on later schools in other countries:
The following later schools used the Vinaya of the Dharmaguptaka:

Other influences on later schools:

  • The Japanese Jojitsu is considered an offshoot of Sautrantika
  • The Chinese/Japanese Kusha school is considered an offshoot of Sarvastivada, influenced by Vasubandhu.

Theravada schools

The different schools in Theravada often emphasize different aspects



(or parts) of the Pali Canon and the later commentaries, or differ in the focus on (and recommended way of) practice. There are also significant differences in strictness or interpretation of the Vinaya.

Mahāyāna schools

Tantric schools

see also: VajrayānaSubcategorised according to predecessors

See also

References

Coleman, Graham, ed. (1993). A Handbook of Tibetan Culture. Boston: Shambhala Publications, Inc. ISBN 1-57062-002-4.

Warder, A.K. (1970). Indian Buddhism. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.

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This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Buddhist_schools". A list of the wikipedia authors can be found here.