The Kagyu (Wylie transliteration: Bka'-brgyud) school, also known as the "Oral Lineage" and "the Spotless Practice Lineage" school, is one of four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism, the other three being Nyingma (Rnying-ma), Sakya (Sa-skya), and Gelug (Dge-lugs).

Origins

The Kagyu school traces its origins to the teachings of the Indian mystics Tilopa (988-1089) and Naropa (1016-1100), whose lineage was transmitted in Tibet by the great translator Marpa (1012-1097). He took over the mahamudra ("great seal") transmission lineage from Naropa. Moreover Marpa studied with the Indian Masters Maitripa and Kukuripa. On his

Four Major Schools

• Barom Kagyu, founded by Barompa Darma Wangchug
• Pagdru Kagyu, founded by Pagmo Drupa Dorje Gyalpo
• Karma Kagyu, also known as Kamtsang Kagyu, founded by Düsum Khyenpa (Dus-gsum Mkhyen-pa),
  
  
  
  later designated the first Karmapa
• Tsalpa Kagyu, founded by Zangyu Dragpa Darma Drag (Zhang Rinpoche)

Eight Sub-Schools of Pagdru Kagyu

• Drikung Kagyu, included the Lhapa sect, builders of the earliest dzongs in Bhutan, later eclipsed by the Drukpa
• Drukpa Kagyu, which combined lineages from both Gampopa and Rechungpa, is the state religion of Bhutan, giving the country the name Druk Yul. Drukpa monasteries are also found in Ladakh, Zanskar, Lahoul, Kinnaur, Spiti, and other parts of the Himalayas.
• Mar Kagyu
• Shugseb Kagyu
• Taklung Kagyu
• Trophu Kagyu
• Yamzang Kagyu
• Yelpa Kagyu

The organization into four major schools and eight minor schools, while traditional, is not always helpful in understanding the history or influence of the schools. For instance, the very first Kagyu school, the Shangpa Kagyu, predates Gompopa and thus is outside the framework. Another school is the Rechung Kagyud, founded by Gompopa's peer, Rechung Dorje Drakpa.

The only schools with any significant following today are the Karma Kagyu, Drukpa, Drigung, and Taklung schools.

Teachings

The central teaching of Kagyu is the doctrine of Mahamudra, "the Great Seal", as elucidated by Gampopa in his various works. This doctrine focuses on four principal stages of meditative practice (the Four Yogas of Mahamudra), namely:

1. The development of single-pointedness of mind,
2. The transcendence of all conceptual elaboration,
3. The cultivation of the perspective that all phenomena are of a "single taste",
4. The fruition of the path, which is beyond any contrived acts of meditation.

It is through these four stages of development that the practitioner is said to attain the perfect realization of Mahamudra. Important practices in all kagyu-schools are the tantric practices of chakrasamvara and vajravarahi.

Kagyu Kagyu Kagyu Кагью Kagyu 噶举派